Wednesday, October 7, 2015

Urbanization Effect on Drinking Water

In the next forty years the urban areas around the world are expected to absorb all of the population growth that will also occur during that time. This will cause a serious strain on many of the utilities in the city, especially water. However this growth in population in urban areas in not only from reproduction but it is also from migration of people from other countries into new countries or even migration from rural areas. Many urban areas around the world are already in a water crises, and this growth in population will only exacerbate this problem. Most of this expected growth in urban areas is expected to occur in areas of the city that are less developed, which will only further issues with water use. These cities are not ready for the rapid growth that awaits them in just a few decades. If they do not become prepared it will create slums, blackouts, inadequate water supply and poor sanitation. The two most extreme problems are: water quality and sewage management.
As urbanization continues to grow it will create more storm runoff and erosion by having less vegetation to slow water as it moves across the land. This will also change the way water is moved around our system by having less water soak into the earth and less being restored in the local watersheds which then makes that city have to reach out further to find water for itself. Less vegetation creates the chance for more frequent flooding, and can change the physical characteristics of a stream. This is occurring in every almost every country, India, the United States, and most of Europe.
Megacities are a great example of areas where urbanization has had a negative effect on drinking water. A megacity is a metropolitan area with a total population in excess of ten million people. There are 35 megacities in existence around the world, with Tokyo being the largest. In the year 2050 about 70% of the world’s population will be in urban areas. Megacities create problems such as pollution of drinking water (poor water quality), catastrophic flooding, and inadequate access to water, poor living conditions, sewer systems overrun, and water stress.
To fix some of these problems the public needs to reduce unnecessary consumption and demand that products they use every day be made with less embedded water. Megacities and other areas with a large population need to become more sustainable with their resources. To do this they need to get everyone talking across a broad spectrum to find the best solution possible for each separate location. These solutions have to go past changing the water flow and must include getting the public more knowledgeable to reduce water use and make them more aware of law controls, reusing wastewater as well as storm water. If people will not use less water we must demand that they use less water by: offering citizens economic incentives for using less water, or having appropriate pricing of water.    




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